11. Revolutions Survey: Impressionistic Conclusions

The preceding 10 posts would tend to give rise to the following impressions:
1 Recording of Revolutions has improved over tho millenniums and centuries.
2. The Incidence of recorded Revolutions has shown a continuous secular uptrend from about one revolution in 50 years during the 500 years before Christ to one in 25 years in the first millennium to one in 17 years in the first half of the second millennium, to one in 4 years during the 16th -17th centuries, to one in 3 years in the 18th century, to one in 15 months during the 19th century, to one in 5 months in the 20th century and finally to one in four months in the first 123 months of the third millennium.
3. Revolutions have been identified as one time, sudden expression f uprising/ revolt reflecting anger and frustration experienced/ felt by groups of people against their oppressors, often a monarch, a royal family/ dynasty or oligarchy, a dictator or dictatorial political party or military junta.
4. Often revolutions were bloody: only rarely would a revolution be completely or substantially bloodless.
5. Many a time revolutions have been crushed by the muscle / technically superior power of the oppressors.
6. Sometimes, the revolutions were successful in overthrowing the oppressors from the positions of power.
7. Sometimes. the oppressors wereultimately driven out through repeated revolutions over a number of years or even decades.
8. Occasionally, revolutions were peaceful, non-violent mass protests. Even some  of these have been successful.
9. Revolutions have been generally led by persons/ groups/ parties who would ultimately prove themselves to be clever seekers of power to rule over others and oppressive: some such revolutionary background oppressors had to be dislodged through subsequent revolutions. Revolutionaries of period T became counter-revolutionary oppressors in period T+1 or T+2.
10. The oppressors, whether they were monarchs, members of royal families or oligarchies leaders of previous revolutions have proved to be equally cruel and oppressive.
11. Oppressors could be foreigners or natives and in the role of oppression both were equally effective.
12. Colonialism and imperialism have been based as much on muscle power and cruelty as on the expansionism of military juntas, communist revolutionary leaders or communist parties.
13. Even after the rapid pace of decolonisation and decline of the imperialistic powers,  the rise of communism and socialism,  and spread of democratic / republic constitutions, severe oppressions and exploitations by national heroes and the national political parties had continued unabated in the poorer countries in Asia including China and Japan, the Arab World, the East European countries and Russia, South America and Africa.
14. The Revolutions have always been localised and against the ruling class oppressors, domestic or foreign but increasingly oppressions have become the privy of musclemen in regions, cities, towns and villages leading to revolutions that do not get reported/ highlighted in the media and hence often do not get documented in the list of revolutions.
15. Rulers have evolved a geographically distributed chain of hierarchies to continue their oppression. Also, the Oppressors have networked themselves more strongly to put down rebellion, revolt and revolution  emerging in small pockets. Still revolts and revolutions occur, even if the powers of the State including State's armed police and military forces along with the loyal musclemen cadres are easily used to crush the revolts and revolutions.
16. Whether they succeed or not, oppressed people / groups suddenly give vent to their anger and frustrations when their sufferings due to the oppressions tests their great power to tolerate oppressions for fear.
17. Competing, potential oppressors are always on the look out for opportunities to grab the leadership position of the people about to revolt and organise revolutions. The oppressed peoples therefore succeed in overthrowing the extant oppressors only to await oppressionto be inflicted on them by the persons or groups who led their revolutions.
18. Leading emerging revolutions have become an attractive and growing business for existing and potential future oppressors. Ideologies and cause of the common people have become the cover for the oppressors to take advantage of revolutions to build up their future of prosperity and power over others.
19.Despite all these being in the knowledge of the oppressed people, they continue to fly into trap of revolution only to fall prey to the leaders of revolutions.
20. Revolutions have become part of life and an onerous burden of the common people: just as the planets are trapped in revolutions around the sun, the elementary particles wander from one orbit to another, human beings are crushed in and between revolutions.

10. Revolutinary Beginning of the Third Millennium

The third millennium has begun with brisk revolutionary activities: in the first 123 months, 40 revolutions have been recorded (30 in the first decade, 4 in 2010 and 6 in the first two months of 2011) – an average of about one revolution every 4 months.

All these revolutions have little to do with agitation against colonialism or imperialism but more do with one or more of these factors: complete lack of governance or oppression by domestic governments and separatist armed movements by small extremists groups in respective localities. The United States armed forces are physically present in two countries, Iraq and Afghanistan, where different islamic factions are even now figting among themselves to captre State power and probably set up another oppressive government.

The revolutions listed include the Second Intifada, a continuation of the First Intifada, between Palestinians and Israel, the bloodless Bulldozer Revolution to overthrow the Slobodan Milošević's régime in Yugoslavia, the 2001 Macedonia conflict, the Taliban insurgency following the 2001 war in Afghanistan that crushed the Taliban rule,  Taliban rule, the peaceful  2001 EDSA Revolution ousting Philippine President Joseph Estrada after the collapse of his impeachment trial, failed counter rebellion to bring the former President to power in Phillipines, the Rose Revolution to displaces the president of Georgia, Eduard Shevardnadze, the Iraqi insurgency by varius groups against continued presence of US forces in Iraq, the Darfur rebellion led by the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM/A) and the Justice and Equality Movement, the Shi'ite Uprising against the US-led occupation of Iraq, the Orange Revolution in Uhrine,  a failed rebellion in Azerbaijan, the Naxalite insurgency in India, the Cedar Revolution demandind the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon, the Tulip Revolution to overthrow the President of Kyrgyzstan, the 2006 democracy movement in Nepal, the 2006 Oaxaca protests demanding the removal of Ulises Ruiz Ortiz, the governor of Oaxaca state in Mexico. the Mexican Drug War, the Civil war in Ingushetia, the Second Tuareg Rebellion in Niger, the Burmese anti-government protests, including the Saffron Revolution of Burmese Buddhist monks, 2008 Shiite uprising in Basra, violent  attempt in Lanao del Norte in the Philippines by Moro Islamic Liberation Front led by Kumander Bravo and Umbrfa Kato, the Green Movement in Iran, demanding the resignation of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the 2009 Bangladesh Rifles revolt took place in Dhaka, Bangladesh killing 57 army officers and the Saucepan revolution bringing down the Icelandic government

The year 2010 witnessed the Kyrgyzstani uprising, Riots in Bangkok, Tunisia Potests and son followed the revolutions in Arab countries like Egypt, Yemen, Algeria, Jordan and Sudan: so far only the 30 year regime of Mubarak of the republic of Egypt has ended with temporary army rule to pave the way for free and fair eections soon.

9. Revolutions During 1950-1999.

The incidence of revolutions remained high during the second half of the 19th century: with about 125 revolutions in 50 years, the record was roughly one revolution every 5 months - the same as in the first half of the century. A glance through the list of revolutions would show that revolutions after 1970 were less against British colonialism as decolonisation started in the 1940s at a rapid rate but more against socialistic/ communist imperialism, monarchies and dictators in countries liberated from colonialism as well as against colonialism of the French, Spain, United States, Japan, Soviet Russia and China. Many countries faced continuous revolutions and counter-revolutions and coup by millitary juntas being very common. Revolutions also reflected urge for separate countries within a single states. There were revolutions both for conversions into Islamic and Communist States as well as for conversion to non- Islamic and non-communist states.

The 1950s saw the National Party of Puerto Rico revolt to secure independence from the US, the revolutionary Algerian War of Independence against French colonialism, Mau Mau Uprising in Bolivia for multiparty democracy, the Rosewater Revolution in Lebanon, the failed attack on Moncada military barracks in Santiago of Cuba by Fidel and Raul Castro’s party, the Vorkuta uprising in Vorkuta, the Kengir uprising in the Soviet prison labor camp, the Uyghur uprising against Chinese rule in Hotan, the Guerrilla war against British colonial rule of Cyprus, the First Sudanese Civil War for and against more regional autonomy, the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro, the Border Campaign led by the Irish Republican Army against the British, along the border of the independent Republic of Ireland and British Northern Ireland, the Hungarian Revolution, a failed workers' and peasants' revolution against the Soviet-supported communist state in Hungary, the Tibetan rebellions against Chinese rule in Amdo and Kham, a popular revolt in Venezuela against military dictator, the Iraqi Revolution led by nationalist soldiers for abolishing the British-backed monarchy and for country's independence from Cold War power blocs, the failed Tibetan uprising against Chinese rule and the flight of the Dalai Lama and revolt against the Tutsi king of Rwanda in Hutu.  

The revolutions witnessed during the 1960s included an unsuccessful officials led revolt to depose Emperor Haile in Ethiopia, the Eritrean War of Independence of Isaias Afewerki against Ethiopia, the Angolan War of Independence of Portugal's Overseas Province of Angola, the leftist African Party led revolutionary war for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde from the Portuguese Guinea, the military coup of 1962 in Burma, a revolution in northern Yemen against the imam and establishment of the Yemen Arab Republic, the Bale revolt in southern Ethiopia, the Zanzibar Revolution t overthrow the 157 year old monarchy, the Rhodesian Bush War in Zimbabwe Rhodesia tat would soon lead to the formation of the Republic of Zimbabwe, the October Revolution in Sudan forcing President Ibrahim Abboud to transfer executive power to a transitional civilian government, Mozambican Liberation Front’s  guerrilla war against Portuguese colonialism,  the Colombian Armed Conflict, the March Intifada by the Leftist demanding an end to the British presence in Bahrain, Coup d'état in  Ghana, a guerrilla warfare conducted against the government of François Tombalbaye, the Ulster Volunteer Force of militant Protestant British loyalists in Northern Ireland waging war against the Irish Republican Army and the Roman Catholic community at large, Iraqi communists insurgency in southern Iraq and the unsuccessful fight by the former eastern Nigeria for a breakaway republic of Biafra, after the mainly Ibo people of the region suffered pogroms in northern Nigeria.

The period also saw the declared beginning of the Naxalite Movement in India, Anguillans’ declaration of independence from the British colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, the revolution in the Republic of Congo, Student protests and riots in Egypt in the wake of the Six-Day War leading to the ratification of the March 30 Program to deepen democratic processes, the May 1968 revolt by the students and workers revolt against the government of Charles de Gaulle in France, a coup by Juan Velasco Alvarado in Peru, followed by radical social and economic reforms, a failed attempt by leader Alexander Dubček to liberalise Czechoslovakia in defiance of the Soviet-supported communist state, the Ireland Troubles following the Provisional Irish Republican Army and other Republican Paramilitaries  joint armed campaign against British Security forces and Loyalist Paramilitaries in an attempt to bring about a United Ireland, a mass movement of workers, students, and peasants in Pakistan forcing the resignation of President Mohammad Ayub Khan, Somalia's multiparty system supplanted by a military socialist government, Communist insurgency by the New People's Army in the Philippines, the Days of Rage uprising by 300 students in Chicago.

The 1970s witnessed a rebellion in Guinea by alleged Portuguese agents, the Bangladesh Liberation War led by the Mukti Bahini establishing the independent People's Republic of Bangladesh from Pakistan, a military-led revolution against the civilian government of President Philibert Tsiranana in the Malagasy Republic,  End of monarchy and establishment of a republic in Afghanistan, Worker-student demonstrations in Thailand forcing a short period of democratic constitutional rule, a revolution in Ethiopia, the Carnation Revolution against right-wing dictatorship in Portugal, the Western Sahara War of the Sahrawi national liberation movement against the armies of their neighbours, Morocco and Mauritania, who have entered the territory when the Spanish colonizers troops fled, a revolution in Cambodia. a revolution in Laos by guerrilla forces against the monarchy, Coup led by young military officers and the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur RahmanSaur Revolution led by the Khalq faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan deposes and kills President Mohammad Daud Khan, the New Jewel Movement led armed revolution in Grenada, the popular overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship by progressive/Marxist Nicaraguan Revolution, the Iranian Revolution that removed the Shah, resulting in the formation of Islamic republic of Iran and the Cambodia  liberation from the Khmer Rouge regime by the Vietnam-backed Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party.

In the 1980s, there were revolutions like National Socialist Council of Nagaland’s separatist struggle against India, the Santo Rebellion in the Anglo-French condominium of New Hebrides, the Communist Party led internal conflict in Peru, revolt against assassination of Ziaur Rahman and General Hussain Muhammad Ershad seizing power through a bloodless coup, deposing president Abdus Sattar in Bangladesh, an on-and-off insurgency against the Government of Sri Lanka by the LTTE, the Second Sudanese Civil War largely as a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War, Kurdish uprising for independence from the Republic of Turkey, revolution led by pro-independence FLNKS forces in New Caledonia against the French, the Soviet and Afghanistan P.O.W. uprising against their captors at Badaber base, the People Power Revolution peacefully removing Ferdinand Marcos after his two decade rule in the Philippines, the Khalistan Commando Force’s armed movement for the establishment of independent state for the Sikhs in India, the First Intifada  Palestinian uprising, the Pan-Armenian National Movement freeing  Armenia from Soviet rule the 1988 Uprising in Burma or Myanmar, the armed resistance in the Kashmir valley against the government in India, the Singing Revolution leading to bloodless overthrow of communist rule in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the violent Caracazo riots in Venezuela, the Tienanmen Square protests of 1989 led by students, intellectuals and labour activists in the People's Republic of China between 15 April and 4 June 1989. the bloodless Velvet Revolution ending the communist regime in Czechoslovakia, the Romanian Revolution kills the dictator Nicolea Ceausescu and his wife, Elena Ceausescu in the Socialist Republic of Romania and the demonstrations in East Germany leading to the fall of the Berlin Wall and subsequent re-unification of Germany in the 1990s.

The revolutions in the 1990s include the United Liberation Front of Asom’s violent activities for separating the state of Assam from India, the successful anticommunist National Democratic Revolution in Albania, the Log Revolution in Croatia triggering the Croatian War of Independence, the First Tuareg Rebellion in Niger and Mali, the Kurdish uprising against Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, the Shiite Uprising in Karbala of Iraq, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front rebellion bringing an end to the Ethiopian Civil War, the Bosnian War of Independence, an Afghan uprising against the Taliban by United Islamic Front, the Shiite-led rebellion for the restoration of democracy in Bahrain, the Zapatista Rebellion in Mexican state of Chiapas demanding equal rights for indigenous peoples and in opposition to growing neoliberalism in North America, the First Chechen Rebellion against Russia, an Islamic movement in Afghanistan led by the Taliban established Taliban rule, the 1997 rebellion in Albania sparked by Ponzi scheme failures, the Kosovo Rebellion against Yugoslavia, the Bolivian revolution leading to the election in Venezuela of socialist leader Hugo Chávez, the Indonesian Revolution of 1998 resulting in  the resignation of President Suharto after three decades of the New Order period, the Second Chechen Rebellion against Russia and the Iran student protests against the Islamic regime of Iran.

8. Revolutions During 1900-1949

The first half of the 20^th century recorded about 125 revolutions, increasing the incidence of revolutions to one revolution every 5 months. More than 60 % of the World population became independent and/ or communist / socialist republics during these 50 years.

During the 12 years 1903-14 , there were 13 revolutions: the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising of the Macedonians in the Ottoman Empire, a liberal revolution in Paraguay, the failed bourgeois-liberal revolution against Tsar Nicholas II in Russia, the Persian/Iranian constitutional revolution, the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, the Young Turk Revolution to force the autocratic ruler to restore parliament and constitution in the Ottoman Empire, the Mexican Revolution that drove out the dictator Porfirio Díaz and gave power to Institutional Revolutionary Part, the republican revolution in Portugal, the Sokehs Rebellion in German-ruled Micronesia, the Xinhai Revolution that ended the rule of Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China, the Ten Days War in Colarado between irregular forces of coal miners using dynamite and rifles on one side and mine guards deploying machine guns, cannon and aircraft on the other till the  federal troops intervened, the Boer Revolt against the British in South Africa, the Revolt of Peasants of Central Albania and the Armenian Revolt in city of Van against the Ottomans in Turkey.

The period 1916- 1928 wutnessed an acceleration in the incidence of revolutions: 46 revolutions in just 13 years. These were mostly freedom struggles and included the Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland to proclaim the Irish Republic,  an anti-French uprising in Algeria, the Central Asian Revolt against Russian Empire government withdrawing exemption of Muslims from military service, the Tuareg rebellion against French colonial rule around Aïr Mountains of northern Niger, the Arab Revolt seeking independence from the Ottoman Empire, the Irish War of Independence, the continuing Indian people's struggle against the British for Indian Independence, the French Army Mutinies, the February Revolution to overthrow Tsar Nicholas II in Russia, the Green Corn Rebellion takes place in rural Oklahoma, the Great October Revolution in Russia with the Bolshevik seizure of power and the establishment of the Soviet Union, sparking the Russian Civil War, the Finnish Civil War, the Christmas Uprising in Montenegro against unification of Kingdom of Montenegro with Kingdom of Serbia, the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, the German Revolution against the Kaiser and the establishment of the Weimar Republic, the wave of strikes and student unrest in Peru, the Greater Poland Uprising against German authoritie, the Georgian-Ossetian conflict , the Ukrainian Revolution, the Third Russian Revolution, a failed anarchist revolution against Bolshevism, the Basmachi Revolt against Soviet Russia rule in Central Asia, the Euphratesqi Revolt, Iraq against British and British-Indian troops, the Tambov peasant Rebellion against the Bolshevik regime during the Russian Civil War, the Silesian Uprisings of the ethnic Poles against Weimar rule, the Turkish War of Independence commanded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the German Revolution, a short-lived revolution to create Hungarian Soviet Republic, the Pitchfork Peasant Uprising  against the Soviet policy of the war communism, Gandhi led Non-cooperation movement against the British in India, the Battle of Blair Mountain of coal miners in West Virginia, the Kronstadt rebellion of Soviet sailors against the government in Russia, the Revolt of Mirdita declaring the independence of Republic of Mirdita, the Yakut Revolt in (Outer) Mongolia re-establishing her independence and setting up a Soviet-style socialist state, the Moplah rebellion of South Indian muslims and Hindu landlords in Malabar against the British by Mappila Muslims, the Irish Civil War, between supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the government of the Irish Free State and more radical members of the original Irish Republican Army who opposed the treaty and the new government, the Bajram Curri attacks on gendarmerie ofAlbania, the final founding of the Republic of Turkey, the Klaipėda Revolt in the Memel territory that had been detached from Germany after World War I, the Sheikh Said Rebellion, the July Revolution in Ecuador, the Syrian Revolution against French Mandate, rebellion of catholic peasants of Dukagjin, Shkoder, the National Revolution in Portugal, the Cristero War in Mexico against anti-clerical government policy, Indonesian Communist Party rebellion against colonialism and imperialism of Dutch Hindie, the KMT Military rebellion in Nanchang  after the end of the first Kuomintang-Communist alliance, the Kurdish Rebellion against Turkey, a rebellion against the United States presence in Nicaragua.

Revoltionary spirit seemed to spread all over the World involving all developed countries, major Asian countries, Arab land, and South America.

As the peoples start fighting against colonial rulers, they themselves disintegrated into pieces trying to set up separate countries so far held together as one large British colony. The Communists of Russia set on an territorial expansion of communism, even as communities in different parts resisted such attempts. Turky's territorial expanse got progressively curtailed. Spain, Portugal and the British started facing increasing rebellious activity in their colonies.

During the 1930s there were the Brazilian Revolution, the Salt Satyagraha non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India, the Constitutionalist Revolution against the provisional president and a short civil war in Brazil, the Aprista revolt in Trujillo, Peru, the Salvadoran peasant uprising, the Siamese coup d'état "Promoters Revolution" ending absolute monarchy in Thailand, the popular revolution against Cuban dictator Gerardo Machado,  the worker- radical socialists and anarchists coups in the Spain, a  revolt against government in North Albania. an uprising against government and King Zog in Fier and Lushnje, the Febrerista Revolution ended oligarchic Liberal Party rule in Paraguay, General Francisco Franco led coup leading to Spanish Civil War and the Spanish Revolution,  Arab revolt in Palestine attempts to gain control from the British and stop the jewish immigration from european countries to palestine, Revolution leading to "military socialism" in Bolivia, the Dersim Kurdish rebellion in Turkey, the "Jornadas de Mayo" workers' revolution in Catalonia and the Revolt of Delvina against King Zog.

1940s witnessed the Insurgency in Chechnya, Mohammad Ali Jinnah led struggle for a separate state for the Muslims of India, the June Uprising against the Soviet Union in Lithuania, Yugoslav People's Liberation War against the Axis Powers, the Greek Resistance, Sri Lankan soldiers-organized Cocos Islands Mutiny unsuccessfully attempting to transfer the islands to Japanese control, the destruction of the German garrison, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, the uprising at Treblinka extermination camp, the uprising at Sobibór extermination camp, the Woyane Rebellion in northern Ethiopia , the Italian Resistance Movement against the Fascist Italian Social Republic, the Guatemalan Revolution by militery officers against the dictator, the Warsaw Uprising attempting to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule, the Paris Uprising against the German Paris garrison, the Slovak National Uprising against Nazi Germany, the uprising at Auschwitz extermination camp, formation of the People's Republic of Albania, the Greek Civil War, the Forest Brothers Rebellion in Baltic states against Soviet Union, the anti-communist revolt in Eastern Europe in Koplik, Albania led by bayraktars and intellectuals,

After these there were the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch after their independence from Japan, the Prague uprising against German occupation, the August Revolution led by Ho Chi Minh declaring the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from French rule, a democratic revolution in Venezuela, the Royal Indian Navy Mutiny in Bombay spreading to different parts of British India, demanding Indian independence, an anti-communist forces in Albania, a local revolt against officials accused of rigging local elections in Athens, the civil war in Paraguay, communist-led Telegana Peasants' Rebellion in Hyderabad State of India, Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan led guerrilla war against the Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir capturing a largearea under Pakistan occupation, the Independence of India, the formation of Pakistan, carved out of British India for Indian muslims who did not want to remain citizen of Independent India, Angami Zapu Phizo led declaration of the independence of Nagaland from India only to be subdued by the Indian army, the Costa Rican Civil War, Korean reforms to end "feudalism.", the Malayan Emergency, and the  Great Communist-led Chinese Revolution under chairman Mao establishing the People's Republic of China (now with 1.5 billion people and the largest economy of the World in Grooss Domestic Product terms, though still very poor in per capita income that is double the per capita income of India).

7. Revolutions During 19th Century

There were more than 41 revolutions in the first half of the 19^th century: roughly one revolution every 15 months during these 50 years is a marked rise in the incidence of revolutions.

Revolutions took place all over Europe  against foreign occupations and for independence of the European colonies in South America and Asia, besides separatist movements in newly formed independent countries. Colonialism was under attack even as  fight between monarchy supporters and republic supporters intensified in France.  Ideas of the Renaissance and French Revolution were spreading but yet to gather real momentum.

The revolutions during 1800–1849 included Philippines revolts against Spain, rebellion in Dublin, Ireland against British rule, Serbian revolution against Ottoman rule, Dos de Mayo Uprising against French occupation of Madrid, Peninsula war of 1809-10, the rebellion of Velu Thampi Dalawa of TravancoreState in India, the Chuquisaca Revolution, La Paz revolution, the West Florida rebellion against Spain, the Mexican War of Independence from Spanish colonialism, peasant rebellion of Hong Gyeong-nae against Joseon Dynasty of Korea, the Pernambucan Revolution, the Pentrich Revolution in Derbyshire,  'England's Last Revolution' in 1817, Radical War or Scotish Insurrection, revolutions in Spain and Portugal, the revolutionary war of independence in Peru, the Greek War of Independence, the republican revolution in Mexico, the Decembrist revolt in Russian Empire, the Java War or Dipanegara Revolution, the Janissary revolt in Ottoman Empire, the failed conservative rebellion in Mexico,the July French Revolution of 1830,  the Belgian Revolution that eventually led to the establishment of an independent, Catholic and neutral Belgium, the November Uprising in Poland in1831, the Merthyr Rising in South Wales, Abdelkader's rebellion in French-occupied Algeria, Imam Shamil's rebellion in Russian-occupied Caucasus, Texas Revolution to secede from Mexico, the War of Tatters declaring independence of the Rio Grande do Sul from Brazil, the Rebellions of 1837 and the Upper Canada Rebellian against British rule in Canada, the Afghan uprising against the British, the Maya Rebellion in Yucatán, the Taos Revolt in New Mexico against the United States, the French Revolution of 1848 leading to the French Second Republic, the Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian state and in the German states, the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 for independence from Austrian Empire, the Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848, a rebellion in British-ruled Ceylon (now Srilanka).

There were about 47 revolutions in the second half of the 19^th century, increasing the incidence of revolutions to just about one every year. Europe, Asia, North and South America witnessed revolutions against oppressive, native dynastic monarchies, against foreign  colonial rulers for freedom, against new democratic (of some sort) governments for their actions or for secession and forming separate new states, and for reforms in political set up. By this time, the United States and Japan have progressed on their own imperialism and attracted revolts. The first signs of revolution to free India from the British was witnessed even as the British consoligated their rule. Revolutions of one type or another occured in China, Japan, Indonesia and Korea. Revolts against the Ottoman empire spread further. In some countries, governments/ rulers faced successive rebellions: one rebellion crushed soon gave birth a new one.

The Wikipedia list includes such revolutions during 1850- 80 as the Taiping Rebellion against the Quing Dynasty in China claimimg 20-30 million lives, the revolution in Spain against the Moderate Party government, the Miao Rebellion in China, the Revolution of Ayutla in Mexico, the Muslims Panthay rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, the Indian rebellion against British East India Company called the Sepoy Mutiny  or the First Indian War of Independence, the failure of which marked the end of Mughal rule, the Mahtra War in Estonia, the War of the Reform in Mexico, the Second Italian War of Independence, the American Civil War in the United States, between the United States and the Confederate States of America representing the eleven southern states, the Quantrill's Raiders in Missouri, the Sioux Uprising in Minnesota, the Muslim Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, the New York Draft Riots, the Polish uprising against the Russian Empire, the Morant Bay rebellion, the Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia, the Meiji Restoration and modernization revolution in Japan for western style parliamentary system, the Fenian rebellion by the Irish Republican Brotherhood against British rule, the Glorious Revolution in Spain to depose Queen Isabella II, rebellion to free the independePuerto Rico from Spain, the Red River Rebellion against a provisional government in Canada, the Paris Commune, rebellion against President Benito Juárez of Mexico, the liberal revolution in Guatemala, the Deccan Riots in India, the Herzegovinian rebellion against the Ottoman Empire, the Stara Zagora uprising in Bulgaria against Ottoman rule,  the second rebellion against President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada of Mexico, the April uprising against Ottoman rule and the Satsuma Rebellion against the Meiji government in Japan.

The listed revolutions during 1980-99 include the Urabi Revolt in Egypt against the Khedive and European influence in the country, a peasant revolt in the Ancash region of Peru, the North-West Rebellion of Métis in Saskatchewan, the Rebellion of Peasant in Banten, Indonesia, a liberal revolt to acquire power in Nicaragua, the Donghak Peasant Revolution, a Korean peasants against Joseon Dynasty, the revolution against President Andrés Avelino Cáceres in Peru to usher in a period of stable constitutional rule, the Philippine Revolution for independence against Spanish rule directed by the Katipunan society, the revolt against Spanish colonial rule in Puerto Rico, the Dukchi Ishan Uprising of Kirgiz, Uzbek, and Kipcak peoples against Tsarist Russia in Turkestan, the Philippine War against the imposition of colonial rule by the United States following the transfer of the Philippines from Spain to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris which ended the Spanish-American War, the white supremacists' revolt to force out the city government of Wilmington, North Carolina, the Boxer Rebellion against foreign influence in trade, politics, religion and technology in China during the final years of the Qing Dynasty.